In 2024, NVIDIA released the NVL72/NVL36 solution, which increased the demand for the construction of fully liquid-cooled data centers. The two types of liquid cooling used on a large scale in the data center field are cold-plate and submerged liquid cooling. Cisco is actively innovating in direct-to-chip liquid cooling for high-performance switches, laying the groundwork for solutions that will enable seamless and. This advancement is designed to significantly reduce energy consumption within data centers by tackling the heat generated by high-performance networking equipment.